VOLUME  6 — (Continued). 

PRICK 

15.  Notes  011  the  Later  Cenozoie  History  of  the  Mohave  Desert  Kegion  in  Southeastern 

California,  by  Charles  Laurence  Baker  50c 

16.  Avifauna  of  the  Pleistocene  Cave  Deposits  of  California,  by  Loye  Holmes  Miller  ....  15c 

17.  A  Fossil  Beaver  from  the  Kettleman  Hills,  California,  by  Louise  Kellogg  ~>c 

18.  Notes  on  the  Genus  Desmostylus  of  Marsh,  by  John  C.  Merriam  lOe 

19.  The  Elastic-Bebound  Theory  of  Earthquakes,  by  Harry  Fielding  Bei<l  25c 

VOLUME  7. 

1.  The  Minerals  of  Tonopah,  Nevada,  by  Arthur  S.  Eakle  25c 

2.  Pseudostratification  in  Santa  Barbara  County,  California,  by  George  Davis  Louder- 

back  20c 

3.  Kecent  Discoveries  of  Carnivora  in  the  Pleistocene  of  Eancho  La  Brea,  by  John  C. 

Merriam    5c 

4.  The  Neocene  Section  at  Kirker  Pass  on  the  North  Side  of  Mount  Diablo,  by  Bruce 

L.   Clark  15c 

5.  Contributions  to  Avian  Palaeontology  from  the  Pacific  Coast  of  North  America,  by 

Loye  Holmes  Miller  60c 

6.  Physiography  and  Structure  of  the  Western  El  Paso  Eange  and  the  Southern  Sierra 

Nevada,  by  Charles  Laurence  Baker  30c 

7.  Fauna  from  the  Type  Locality  of  the  Monterey  Series  in  California,  by  Bruce  Martin.  lOc 

8.  Pleistocene  Bodents  of  California,  by  Louise  Kellogg  15c 

9.  Tapir  Eemains  from  Late  Cenozoie  Beds  of  the  Pacific  Coast  Eegion,  by  John  C. 

Merriam    lOc 

10.  The  Monterey  Series  in  California,  by  George  Davis  Louderback  65c 

11.  Supplementary  Notes  on  Fossil  Sharks,  by  David  Starr  Jordan  and  Carl  Hugh  Beal  ...  lOc 

12.  Fauna  of  the  Eocene  at  Marysville  Buttes,  California,  by  Eoy  E.  Dickerson  45c 

13.  Notes  on  Scutella  norrisi  and  Scutaster  andersoni,  by  Eobert  VV.  Pack 05c 

14.  The  Skull  and  Dentition  of  a  Camel  from  the  Pleistocene  of  Eaneho  La  Brea,  by 

John   C.   Merriam   20c 

15.  The  Petrographic  Designation  of  Alluvial  Fan  Formations,  by  Andrew  C.  Lawson....     lOc 

16.  A  Peculiar  Horn  or  Antler  from  the  Mohave  Miocene  of  California,  by  John  C.  Mer- 

riam          5c 

17.  Nothrotherium  and  Megalonyx  from  the  Pleistocene  of  Southern  California,  by 

Chester  Stock   15e 

18.  Notes  on  the  Canid  Genus  Tephrocyon,  by  John  C.  Merriam  „ 15c 

19.  Vertebrate  Fauna  of  the  Orindan  and  Siestan  Beds  in  Middle  California,  by  John 

C.    Merriam    lOc 

20.  Eecent  Observations  on  the  Mode  of  Accumulation  of  the  Pleistocene  Bone  Deposits 

of  Eancho  La  Brea,  by  Eeginald  C.  Stoner  lOc 

21.  Preliminary  Eeport  on  the  Horses  of  Eancho  La  Brea,  by  John  C.  Merriam  20c 

22.  New  Anchitheriine  Horses  from  the  Tertiary  of  the  Great  Basin  Area,  by  John  C. 

Merriam    15c 

23.  New  Protohippine  Horses  from  Tertiary  Beds  on  the  Western  Border  of  the  Mohave 

Desert,  by  John  C.  Merriam  , 5c 

24.  Pleistocene  Beds  at  Manix  in  the  Eastern  Mohave  Desert   Eegion,  by  John   P. 

Buwalda    25c 

25.  The  Problem  of  Aquatic  Adaptation  in  the  Carnivora,  as  Illustrated  in  the  Oste- 

ology and  Evolution  of  the  Sea-Otter,  by  Walter  P.  Taylor  30c 

VOLUME  8. 

1.  Is  the  Boulder  "Batholith"  a  Laccolith?     A  Problem  in  Ore-Genesis,  by  Andrew 

C.  Lawson  2oc 

2.  Note  on  the  Faunal  Zones  of  the  Tejon  Group,  by  Eoy  E.  Dickerson  lOc 

3.  Teeth  of  a  Cestraciont  Shark  from  the  Upper  Triassic  of  Northern  California,  by 

Harold  C.  Bryant  : 5c 

4.  Bird  Eemains  from  the  Pleistocene  of  San  Pedro,  California,  by  Loye  Holmes  Miller.     lOc 

5.  Tertiary  Echinoids  of  the  Carrizo  Creek  Eegion  in  the  Colorado  Desert,  by  William 

S.   W.   Kew   20c 

6.  Fauna  of  the  Martinez  Eocene  of  California,  by  Eoy  Ernest  Dickerson  $1.25 

7.  Descriptions  of  New  Species  of  Fossil  Mollusca  from  the  Later  Marine  Neocene  of 

California,  by  Bruce  Martin  20c 

8.  The  Fernando  Group  near  Newhall,  California,  by  Walter  A.  English ]5c 

9.  Ore  Deposition  in  and  near  Intrusive  Bocks  by  Meteoric  Waters,  by  Andrew  C. 

Lawson    20c 


THE  FERNANDO  FORMATION  NEAR  NEWKALL,  CALIFORNIA 


.. 

Walter 


<t  v*^  ?&'  $' 


THE  FERNANDO  FORMATION  NEAR  NEWHALL,  CALIFORNIA 

by 
Walter  A.  English 

CONTENTS 
Ellsinere  Canyon  Area 

Introduction 

Location 

Historical  Review 

Stratigraphy 

Fauna 
Pico  Canyon  Area 

Introduction 

Stratigraphy 

Fauna 
Description  of  Species 

Echinarachinus  excentricus,  Esch.,var. minor, new  var 

Chione  ellBinerensis,  new  sp. 

Chione  fernandoensis,  new  sp. 

Ficus  nodiferus,  Gabb. 

Gyrineum  ellsmerensis,  new  sp. 

Cancellaria  ellsiserensiB,  new  sp. 

Cancellaria  tritonidae,  Gabb,  var ,angulata,new  var. 

TurriB  ellsmerensis,  new  sp. 

Turris  fernandoensie,  new  sp. 

£ 


. 

. 


INTRODUCTION 

The  age  of  certain  f ossiliferous  sandstones  overlying  the 
granite  in  Ellsmere  Canyon,-  near  the  San,  Fernando  Pass,  has  been  in 

/^^^4^t!Mf*^  ~'b~4*9 

doubt  for  some, years.   Tii«y.»e/ire  been  determined  at  different  times 
as  Vaqueros,  Monterey,  and  Fernando.   It  was  wilh  the  hope  of  ob- 
taining additional  information  on  the  age  and  relationships  of  these 

•J   "'"•>  :.V-  *OUi 

beds  that  the  writer  undertook  a  study  of  them.   This  subject  was 
suggested  for  investigation  by  Doctor  J.  C.  Merriam,  and  the  work 

£5r.  **-'•>  *  a  8   &1 

has  been  carried  out  under  his  direction.   The  writer's  field  work 
was  done  durim--  parts  of  the  months  of  January  aad  June,  1912. 

LOCATION. 

The  work  done  by  the  writer 'was  limited  to  an  area  around 
Illsmere  Canyon,  near  TTewhall,  California,  about  thirty  miles  north- 
west of  Los  Angeles  on  the  line  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad. 
Ellsmere  Canyon  lies  on  the  extreme  northwest  flank  of  the  San 
Gabriel  Range,  just  east  of  the  San  Fernando  Pass,  which  separates 
the  San  Gabriel  from  its  westward  continuation  in  the  Santa  Susan 
Range.  The  canyon  is  about  three  miles  long,  and  runs  in  a  northwest 

*     •»    *  **&  •'  /VH    fviT    t.  »--)A    Stir  i  ii  '?  &L° 

direction  toward  Ellsmere  Ridge,  at  which  point  it  enters  a  broad 
southwest  extension  of  the  broad  alluvium  floored  Santa  Clara  Valley. 

The  general  elevation  of  the  Santa  Clara  Valley  is  about  twelve 

•  "5  '-T^-  r**1^  fii^  "*Jaeiri 
hundred  feet,  while  the  highest  point  in  the  San  Gabriel  Range  of 

this  immediate  area  is  thirty  five  hundred  feet. 


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2 

HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 
George  H.  Ashley   who  visited  the  locality  of  the  San  Fernando 

^Ashley,  G.H.,  The  Neocene  Stratigraphy  of  the  Santa  Cruz  Mts.  Proc. 
Cal.  Acad.  of  Sci . ,  Ser.  2,  vol.  5,  p.  337,  l895« 

•••*"*   *   -*-*-»»   «   .4   *-«««*•««    .*    •   ^   *»9-»*«-^«-*-«^».^.««-«*«^^   *   -•^•MB-*-***-*-**'^'**^-**^**^^*^*   *-«-^«*   *•«««•*-« 

Pass  in  1&94,  says  of  this  region:  "At  the  San  Fernando  tunnel  in 
Los  Angeles  county  the  "beds  that  have  been  considered  as  Miocene  of 
the  Monterey  Series  are  overlaid  conformably  by  a  aeries  of  calcareous 
sandstones  and  conglomerates  which  are  quite  fossiliferous. "  He 
made  a  collection  of  twenty  three  determined  species,  of  which  four- 
teen, or  sixty  per  cent .  are  living.  He  considered  the  formation 

as  of  the  same  age  as  the  Lower  Purissima.   *.'* 

2 
In  1900  Ellsmere  Canyon  was  visited  by  W.  L.  Watts,  who  called 

2Watts,  W.  L.,  Bull.  Cal.  State  Min.  Bureau,  1900,  no.  19,  p.  56. 
the  oil  yielding  sandstones  the  lower  portion  of  the  Middle  Niocene. 
He  also  found  a  point  where  the  sandstones  of  the  Middle  Niocene 
were  resting  unconformably  on  "hard  sandstones  resembling  the  Neocene 
sandstones  of  the  Sespe  district."  This  particular  locality  was  not 
found  by  the  present  writer. 

During  the  years  1901-2  the  region  of  the  Santa  Clara  valley  was 

5 
investigated  by  G.  H.  Bldridge,   who  mapped  the  lower  sandstone 

Slldridge,  G.  H.,  U.  S.  G.  S.  Bull.  no.  309,  p.  l?i  96-8. 
beds  of  Ellsrnere  Canyon  as  Vaqueros,  and  in  the  text  speaks  of  their 
having  a  typical  fauna  of  the  Vaqueros.  His  age  determination  was, 
however,  more  probably  based  on  the  lithologic  similarity  to  the 
beds  in  the  eastern  end  of  the  Santa  Susana  Range,  which  he  called 
Vaqueros.  He  speaks  of  a  structural  unconformity,  with  difference 
of  dip  and  strike  between  the  Fernando  gravels  and  the  underlying 


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3 
Vaqueros  in  Ellsmere  Canyon. 

In  the  same  bulletin  Arnold  gives  a  list  of  fossils  from 
Ellsmere  Canyon  which  he  calls  of  Middle  Fernando  age. 

In  1910  R.  B.  Mo  ran  made  a  collection  of  fossils  in  Ells:nere 
Canyon.  In  a  paper  given  "before  the  Palaeontological  Society,  he 
considered  the  fauna  as  of  Monterey  age,  because  of  certain  Lower 
Niocene  forms  which  he  found. 

STRATIGRAPHY. 

The  chief  formation  of  the  San  Gabriel  Range  is  the  San  Gabriel 

Granite,  a  complex  of  granitic  rocks  and  schists  which  makes  up  the 

4 
whole  central  part  of  the  range.  Arnold  divides  the  San  Gabriel 

Arnold,  R.  and  Strong,  A.M.,  Some  Crystalline  Rocks  of  the  San 
Gabriel  Mountains,  Cal.  Bull.  Geol,  Soc.  Am.,  vol.  16,  1905,p.l88-9 

range  into  a  southern  Sierra  Madre,  and  the  main  San  Gabriel.  He 

says  "The  Sierra  Madre  Range  consists  essentially  of  granddiorites 

» 
and  gneisses,  with  more  acid  areas  in  which  the  country  rock  is 

quartz-monzonite.   The  character  of  the  rocks  of  the  mountain  area 
north  of  the  Sierra  Madres  is  considerably  different  from  that  of 
the  latter.   True  biotite  and  rather  coarse  grained  granodiorite, 
decidedly  different  in  appearance  from  that  of  the  southern  range, 
are  found  in  the  northern  mass."  The  west  end  of  the  San  Gabriel 
Range  is  chiefly  granodiorite,  with  gneiss  and  other  schists. 

The  Fernando  formation  of  this  area  is  not  less  than  three  to 
four  thousand  feet  thick,  and  was  laid  down  upon  an  eroded  surface 
of  the  San  Gabriel  Granite.   The  upper  surface  of  the  granite  is 
generally  somewhat  decomposed.  The  basal  ten  to  fifteen  feet  con- 
sists of  subangular  to  rounded  fragments  of  granite,  with  comminuted 


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4 

shells.   The  lower  700  to  800  feet,  as  exposed  in  Ellsrnere  Canyon, 
is  a  coanse  shale  made  up  chiefly  of  rather  angular  fragments  and 
some  volcanic  ash.  ITone  of  the  shale  was  found  to  be  diatomaceous. 
Towards  the  upper  part  the  shale  becomes  coarser,  and  grades  into 
sandstone.  These  "beds,  especially  in  the  lower  part,  contain  hard 
round  concretions  from  six  inches  to  three  feet  in  diameter.  The 
concretions  are  fossilif erous,  containing  shells,  mammal  bones, 
fossil  wood  fragments,  and  teredo  borings.  These  beds  are  all  stain- 
ed a  chocolate  color  by  petroleum,  and  in  places  the  bitumen  is 
abundant  enough  to  form  a  cementing  material.  Near  Ellsmere  Ridge 
there  are  a  number  of  brea  deposits  formed  by  oil  seepages;  and  the 
Ellsmere  Canyon  oil  wells  drew  their  supply  from  these  lower  strata. 

Stratigraphically  above  the  fine  sandstones  and  shales  is  a 
series  of  cross  bedded  alternating  coarse  sandstones  and  conglomer- 
ates.  These  strata  are  well  exposed  on  the  sides  of  Ellsmere  Ridge, 
in  Whitney  Canyon  just  north  of  Ellsmere,  in  Placerita  Canyon,  and 
they  extend  for  an  unknown  distance  eastward  along  the  northern 
flank  of  the  San  Gabriel  Range.   In  Ellsmere  Canyon  the  conglomer- 
ate consists  of  well  rounded  pebbles  and  boulders  up  to  twelve  inches 
in  diameter  of  granitic,  and  less  commonly  of  volcanic  rocks.  The 
pebbles  are  of  all  sizes,  and  grade  down  into  the  sand  which  fills 
the  interspaces.  The  induration  is  slight,  most  samples  can  be 
broken  between  the  fingers.   The  color  is  a  light  buff. 

The  lower  sandstone  and  shale  beds  were  called  Vaqueros  by 
Eldridge,  and  the  two  were  considered  to  be  structurally  unconform- 
able  by  him.   The  writer  believes  the  entire  series  to  be  conform- 
able. The  relations  of  the  two  lithologic  units  are  well  shown  on 


(ju    t>;:..  :••    -.   ! 

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j.:;.i   a-sb-si^  fens    tiae  -   isqqi;  eat  aj 

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ai   nemrJicf  exit  aeoiilq  ni   BroB    (mi<9loi.teq  vcf  10X00   ' 
ibi?I  sisnraJXS  ossK      .  i*iliecfi5/n  ^nltfrefirsr)  A  snot  ot   i 

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fi  al  a  i  bna  asnotabmia  enxl  erit  ©vodjss 

ru;   ienotaftrijia   eaiaoo  3|nit*ni»tlj8  fctebbe 
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ni^rftion  eff.fr  ^noXa^   btjswtaee  eorittaib  nwoninu  nn   r; 
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5 

the  ridge  to  the  north  of  Ellsraere  Canyon.   There  is  here  an  abrupt 
and  striking  change  from  a  medium  grained  sandstone  to  an  overlying 
very  coarse  conglomerate.  The  conglomerate  is  more  resistant  than 
the  underlying  sandstone  which  weathers  out  from  under  it,  and  causes 

it  to  stand  out  very  prominently  on  the  otherwise  even  slope  of 
the  ridge.  On  examining  the  actual  contact,  the  conglomerate  is 
seen  to  rest  on  the  sandstone  without  any  irregularity  of  the  con- 
tact plane,  and  the  sandstone  grades  up  into  the  sandy  matrix  of  the 
conglomerate.  Farther  west  the  conglomerate  pinches  out,  and  the 
change  in  lithology  is  not  so  abrupt.  On  Ellsmere  Ridge  strata 
typical  of  "both  the  upper  and  lower  divisions  are  interstratif ied. 

The  conglomerate  has  a  strike  of  North  ?0°  West,  and  dip  12° 
North,  while  the  lower  part  of  the  sandstone,  and  the  granitic  sur- 
face on  which  it  was  deposited  have  strike  North  65  West,  dip  20 
North.  No  difference  in  dip  or  strike  was  observed  at  the  actual 
point  of  contact. 

Along  with  the  difference  in  strike  there  is  a  thinning  out  of 
the  shaly  beds  toward  the  East,  and  the  conglomerate  comes  to  rest 
directly  on  the  granite  at  the  head  of  Whitney  Canyon.  The  presence 
of  such  an  overlap  does  not  however  preclude  conformity.   The 
lithologic  character  of  the  sandstones  and  shales  indicates  that  they 

are  probably  of  estuarine  origin,  and  the  conglomerates  are  fluvia- 
tile  delta  deposits.  In  deposits  of  this  character  some  irregularity 

is  to  be  expected.  The  two  different  lithologic  units  are  there- 
fore considered  to  be  conformable  in  this  area. 


. 


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ot  aeciOxO   e^«i  enrol  31100   erf^    bms    ,,t 


ton  asob 

ct-   ^firft  ae*soibfii  aslsife   bnB   aeno^tabnsa   erf^   lo  l 
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£.: 


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Fauna 

The  principal  fossil  localities  examined  are  within  one 

5 
hundred  feet  of  the  "base  of  the  sandy  shale  in  Ellsmere  Canyon. 

^U.  C.  Loc.  Ho.  loOl  5T.W.  quarter  N.E.  quarter  S.E.  quarter  sec. 

7  T.  3  north  R.  15  west  Mt .  San  Bernardino.  In  "bed  of  canyon  about 
hundred  yards  downstream  from  the  granite  contact. 

U.C.  Loc.  1602  about  hundred  yards  east  of  loOl,  up  small 
gulch  in  N.W.  quarter  S.W.  quarter  of  sec.  8.  T  3  N  R  lj  W 

U.C.  Loc.  1603  Pico  canyon  one  quarter  mile  to  N.W.  of 
Superintendent's  house,  near  tank  on  top  of  ridge. 

»..»..-,-..-..*.  .  .„    .        -.  .»,-«,.;.,  .-   -  . 

Many  of  the  fossil  layers  are  only  a  few  feet  above  the  granite. 
Small  collections  of  some  of  the  species  were  made  on  Ellsmere 
Ridge,  and  in  Grapevine  Canyon  on  the  south  side  of  the  San  Fernando 
Pass.  No  fossils  were  found  in  the  conglomerates. 

The  following  species  were  collected  by  the  writer. 
Of  the  fifty  five  species  there  are  twenty  three  or  44  per  cent, 
living.  Some  of  the  other  forms  show  only  slight  differences  from 
the  living  forms,  and  are  evidently  nearly  related  to  them.   The 
literature  on  the  fauna  of  the  Fernando  formation  is  rather  scanty, 
and  there  are  a  large  number  of  forms  which  have  not  been  found  so 
far  from  any  other  locality  than  the  present  one. 

Arnold  divides  the  Fernando  of  the  Santa  Clara  valley  into 
three  horizons. The  lower  Fernando  fauna  as  given  by  him  comes  from 
five  different  localities  and  consists  of  thirty  three  species,  of 
which  seventeen  are  specifically  identified,  and  of  the  latter  there 
are  ten  found  also  in  Ellsmere  Canyon.  The  writer  examined  a  col- 
lection in  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  from  a  locality  five 
miles  north-oast  of  Camulos,  which  is  one  of  the  five  localities 

mentioned  above.  This  collection  contains  twenty  four  species,  of 
which  thirteen  are  common  to  Ellsmere  Canyon,  and  comes  from  a 


sri* 


.        a     19?'  .      .  .  '  .      ,  .  . 

.  -U  Jet: 

. 

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.aetjBidrroXsnoo   e»;i^   rxi.  fenuol   e-sew  aliesol 

be^o&JIoo   stew  aeio&qa   ' 

ao  leq  ££  10   odinJ-   v^rssw*  ^-JB   eidn^  aeioeqa   e 
ail  aaonv         ;  ib   Jiiguila   \jCno  ^oxfe 

arfT      .marfj-   ol  &9lpl»i   vlt^drr 
^n*oa   istitet  ex   noi^finrTol   obasms'*  9  At  1o 
38   Jbnuol  nsocf  ^on   evsri  rfoxr£w  «inio^  lo  idcciun  ©^ 

.ano   ^neaeiq  erf*   nfiii^   x^ileool 
CKtni   \eS.I&v  jiijslO  ^IrrBS  e4,t  lo   oftrunnal  ar{^  ac 

navi^  ax-  *njj«l   obnunie^  Tewol  a.  :  . 

r  lo  atsxanoo  Jbrus  aex^  .  vil 

>rf^  -Tral^ji.!  arf^  Ip  bm    tfceilxJ'nebi  -   ett 

•loo  &  bi  9  -xsiiiw  er         .  .S  ni 

•••"  ;.i,  .:>.:.; 


ieioa^i   iirol  9lloo 

*i   ssi1.  . 


7 
horizon  which  does  not  differ  greatly  from  that  of  the  latter. 

Arnold's  middle  Fernando  collection  comes  from  Ellsmere  Canyon, 
the  same  locality  as  the  writer's  collection.  He  collected  thirty 
three  species,  of  which  thirty  were  identified,  and  of  these 
seventeen  are  found  in  the  Ellsmere  Canyon  faunal  list  of  the  writer. 

His  collection  localities  probably  included  one  somewhat  higher 

&JT*  ewju>i>  to  EUtfttertr  Cam  ^ .  betuM* 
horizon  than  the  others,  where  he  found  Pecten  caurinus  and  Pecten 

parmleei.  He  regards  the  fauna  as  equivalent  in  age  to  the  "typical 
fossiliferous  portion  of  the  Purissima  and  the  lower  part  of  the 
San  Diego  formation,1? 

Prom  the  upper  Fernando  he  gives  lists  from  three  localities. 
The  first  locality  is  north-west  of  Santa  Paula,  and  is  of  a  lower 
horizon  than  the  other  two;  it  has  thirteen  species  which  are  found 
also  at  Ellsmere  Canyon.  The  third  locality  is  at  Barlow's  Ranch, 
and  is  from  a  Pleistocene  horizon.  There  are  only  five  species  from 
the  latter  locality  which  are  found  also  at  Ellsraere  Canyon. 

Arnold's  work  in  the  Santa  Maria  district  led  him  to  believe 

^^^^^^^^^''*'^**-<***^«««««9^-«<**«^«»***«-<*V*»M«««««*««W<'*«**«<««l*«*«*««**'*»-*«*^'«-*-«^-**-«*«**«*B«««*«'«-*»^***» 

^Arnold,  Ralph,  U.S.O.S.Bull.  322  p.  ?8 

«•-•  —  •••«••••- -  .  -  •   .   .   .   .   -   .   •  .   .   .   !.-._«..-.  -_~...-....»..  ..-^  •.-.-...-.-.-.-.  ~.  -.-...-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-..a..-.. 

that  "at  least  five,  and  probably  six  distinct  horizons  are  recog- 
nizable in  the  Fernando  by  means  of  characteristic  fossil  faunas." 
His  faunal  list  gives  all  the  horizons  together,  although  they 
extend  from  the  miocene  to  the  Pleistocene.  There  are  seventy 
species,  of  which  thirteen  are  found  in  Ellsraere  Canyon.  Most  of 
the  species  which  he  gives  are  from  the  upper  or  Pleistocene  horizon. 

From  the  upper  Fernando  Pliocene,  or  lowest  Pleistocene  of 
Bath-house  Beach,  Santa  Barbara, Arnold  gives  sixty  five  species, 


lo  is! 

o  »H     .irolJoeXXoo  «J?e*ltnr  *JT{*  SJB   x^**®01 
eaertt   lo  l>njB    ,beiliJn9bi   eiew   v^iirft  rCoirfw  to    , 
9fij  lo  JeiX  XjsHJual  fio^snatJi  eTemaXXS  9f£t  ni  bni/cl   exe  r 
oa   eno  bebulorut   yJ  r/  asi 

aui 


-iewol   drft   bfts  smiaalfu*!  eri*   to  noiJioq  au^i«"  ^o 


esin*  moil   sj-ail  sri   obnarrte^ 

s   lo  ai   brus    ^feii/ji^  sS,tn«8   'to   ^aew-rition  at   \.til-  atil  erf? 

eta  rfoJtrf-w  eeioaqe   n»»*ilri*   s-Bii  ^Jt    i©'/.j    ^en^o  eri^t  f 

e  'TRoIisff  .t£   ai    \:tilBt5ol   fanirft 
aeiotiqa   evil   ylno  eta 


rloirfw   \..tlXB 
ot  fliJtrf  bsl   ,toiiiaib  BitsM  j3.tnjs8   srf^   ni  iiow     «' 

.q  SSe   .XIuff.?.r.5.U    cr{ql 

SIJB  ano^itorf  ^oni.tsi^  xia   ^XcTjscfoiq  bn^    ,9^11   *Q^ 
Xiaeol  oitaiiSvto^i^rfo   to  xns*9&  vd    nb-  •>-'." 


s^eil?      .dneoo.taieX^  ed*   o*  dneooim  s; 
.novitsO  d'xdimsixa  rti   fenuol  »*XB  n^ettixf*  rfoirfw 
10  leqqu  «xi,t  incil   &IJB  aeri^  »rf    folx{w 

'T  C        * 

c  •-     '  "•    '•••;-'•' 


ci*  A    8 

of  which  only  four  are  common  to  Ellsmere  Canyon.   The  upper  Fernando 

horizon  seems  to  "be  very  distinct  from  the  lower  one. 

n 

Arnold's  faunal  list  from  the  Etchegoin  contains  84  recogniz- 
7 Arnold,  Ralph.  U.S. 0.3.  Bull.  398  p.  125 

••     »«*«.«#.«-*^-'««"<«'i*p«»^^t»»«*«»   *»    «•    "•    ••    «•    -^    "•    -»    *«•      -•    •-»    -^    «•   ^*   ^   •*    •*•     -»     -••     •»   «•    «•    «*    «••*••    «•    ••«•••    ••••••(^'^•••^.^^•••.^••(•••W    «•    »•   •«•    <•    ••    <••   •« 

able  species,  of  which  twelve  are  common  to  Ellsmere  Canyon,  besides 
other  very  closely  related  species.  The  Purissima  in  its  lower 
faunal  zone  has  eight  species  common  to  Ellsmere  Canyon.  The 
characteristic  form  Pec ten  healyi  is  found  in  both  the  Etchegoin 
and  Lower  Purissima,  and  10  believed  to  be  characteristic  of  this 
horizon.  The  form  of  Pecten  healyi  found  in  the  Upper  Purissima, 
and  in  the  San  Diego  formation  is  somewhat  thinner,  and  has  the 
ribs  less  raised.  The  Lower  Purissima,  and  the  Etchegoin  are  taken 
to  be  the  Northern  California  equivalents  in  age  of  the  Ellsmere 
Canyon  fauna. 

In  conclusion  it  may  be  stated  that  there  is  a  characteristic 
fauna  developed  in  the  lower  part  of  the  Fernando,  of  which 
Ellsmere  Canyon,  Pico  Canyon,  the  locality  northwest  of  Camulos, 
and  Mt .  San  Cayetano  are  examples.   In  the  standard  time  scale  this 
horizon  is  near  the  line  between  the  uppermost  Kiocene  and  the 

* 

lower  Pliocene. 


1     CKt     :  •>     dlJB 

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o   sis   svlew*  rfoiriw  to     --. 


TS*cI  aJi  eilT     .aeiosgB   b9Jj&I»i 

,no\njr>;    QTerDsIia  oj   nommoo  a&Jtoeqs    ^ii^Jte  ajsrf  t 
r.j  rlE  eiij*  rf.tocf  ni  bm/ol   ai    ixlfierf  net  09^  nno^   oi^aii^^o 

aii^Jajei.srfo  erf  ot  beydiled  ei  br»^    t£mi9aliv'Z  lewo 
leqqU  ©rtt   ni   bnuot  ivlBer:   fte^ae^'  Jo  nnol  erf        .      • 

l   o^  - 

srf?      ..beaijat  eeel 
ertt   to  e^e  nl   a^nslfiviupe  fitnictil^D   m- 

. 

»rf  yjsm  ti  noi;- 
ifoinw   lo    ,  obrtjanis^  sdJ  to   ^i«q  Tcewol   sciJ   ni   be  eb  & 

to   uaawii^ion  x^il^ool   srit    tnoYfijsD  ooi?    f 
f  sJLsoa   eaiiJ  bijsbnfi^ss  eri^   ni      .aslqcusxe  BIB   o 

s   ensooil^  Jaonr.  ericf  rreew^ecf  9nil   eKt 


Fauna 
Echinoidae 
Astrodapsis  fernandoensis  Pack 

Echinarachinus  excentricus  Each, 
var.  minor  new  variety 

Pelecypoda 

Amiantis  callosa  Cpr, 
Area  trilineata  Conrad 

Cardium  quadrigenarium  Conrad 
var.  fernandoensis  Arnold 

Cardium  sp.? 

Chione   ellsmerensis  new  speices 

Chione  fernandoensis  new   species 

Cryptomya  californica  Conrad 

Dosinea  ponderosa  Gray 

Leda  taphria  Dall 

Macoraa  indent  at  a  Cpr. 

Macoma  sp.? 

Marc i a  subdiaphana  Cpr. 

Metis  alta  Conrad 

Modiolus  rectus  Conrad 

Mytilus  sp.? 

Nucula  castrensis  Hinds 

Panopea  generosa  Gould 

Pecten  ashleyi  Arnold 

Pecten  healyi  Arnold 

Pecten  cerrosensis  Gabb 

Pecten  sp.?  small 

Phacoides  acutilineatus  Conrad 

Phacoides  nuttali  Conrad 


Phacoides  richthofeni  Gabb 
Phacoides  santaecrucis  Arnold 
Solen  sicarius  Gould 
Tellina  idae  Dall 
Venericardia  californica  Dall 
Gasteropoda 


Amphissa  sp.? 


Dathytoma  carpenteriana  Gabb 
var.   fernandoana  Arnold 
Bittium  cf .   asperum  Gabb 

Calyptrae  filosa  Gabb 
Cancellaria  ellsmerensis  new  sp. 

Cancellaria  tritonidae  Gabb 

var.   ellsmerensis  new  var. 
Cancellaria  sp.?  near  fernandoensifl 

Arnold 

Chrysodomus  arnoldi  Rivers 
Chrysodomus  sp.? 
Conus  californicus  Hinds 
Crepidula  princeps  Conrad 
Cypraea  fernandoensis  Arnold 
Drillia  fernandoensis  new  sp. 

Ficus  nodiferus  Gabb 
Gyrineum  ellsmerensis  new  sp. 
Mangilia  sp.? 
Mitra  idae  Dall 

Nassa  perpinguis  Hinds 
Ueverita  recluziana  Petit 
Pachypoma  biangulata?  Gabb 
Polynices  galianoi  Dall 
Siphonalia  kelletti  Forbes 
Trophon  Bp.? 

Turitella  cooperi  Carpenter 
Turris  fernandoensis  new  SD  . 


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. 

: 


10 

Pico  Canyon  Area. 
Introduction. 

Although  the  area  of  Pico  Canyon  was  one  of  the  first  oil 
producing  localities  in  the  state,  the  only  account  of  the  geology 
of  the  area  is  that  of  Eldridge.  He  mapped  the  beds  near  the  centre 
of  the  Pico  anticline  as  Vaqueros,  which  was  seemingly  conformably 
overlain  by  Fernando  gravels.  Prom  a  hasty  examination  of  the  Santa 
Susana  mountains  from  Pico  canyon  to  San  Fernando  pass  the  writer  has 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  beds  which  form  the  axis  of  the  Pico 
anticline  are  part  of  the  Fernando  series,  and  are  not  Vaqueros. 

Stratigraphy. 

Lithologically  the  strata  is  the  axis  of  the  Pico  anticline 
are  fine  grained,  chocolate  colored,  oil  stained  and  slightly 
indurated  sandstones  and  sandy  shales,  which  have  in  places  been 
affected  by  pressure  so  as  to  become  spheroidal  and  jointed.  These 
beds  are  only  400  or  5°0  feet  thick,  above  which  the  finer  beds  are 
interstratif ied  with  gravels  and  conglomerates,  which  latter  become 
gradually  more  abundant,  until  about  2500  feet  above  where  they  first 
appeared  the  coarse  beds  entirely  replace  the  fine  sandy  shales  and 
sandstones. 

On  the  north  limb  of  the  anticline  the  beds  dip  to  the  north 
at  angles  of  from  20°  to  70°,  the  steeper  dips  being  near  the  axis 
of  the  anticline  and  the  lesser  ones  at  the  edge  of  the  valley.  At 
no  place  was  any  structural  evidence  of  uncomformity  found,  although 
the  section  ia  well  exposed,  due  to  the  steep  slopes,  and  the  absence 
of  vegetation. 


oi 


lo  £  01*0 


ta   erf^ 


lo  .  ooitoTttaouce 


woil     « 


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Xl^riaila   bnfi  bsniB^a   lio    ^aiolc^  a.^  looo::  :>    t;it:- 

aaoj-jlq  ni   ev»ri  fioirfw    ,aalBxia    y;bjuaa    b  t.-    sano 
T    .be-tnior,  bfis   XjBbioiacfqa   -3jiooe-rf   o.t   3^    oa   *•',•;-;;• 
abad"  idni^  srf^  .ioixiw   svods    ,aroi,-f^   ^eal   00?    TO   OG£ 


-i     ;     L      b 


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II 


11 

The  lithologic  succession  is  the  same  in  Pico  Canyon  as  in 
Ellsmere  Canyon,  where  the  sandy  shales  are  fossiliferous.   The  two 
areas  are  only  a  few  miles  apart,  and  the  "beds  can  "be  traced  as  prac- 
tically continuous  between  the  two  areas.   It  is  thus  very  probable 
that  the  Pico  Canyon  sandy  shales  are  of  the  same  age  as  those  in 
Ellsmere  Canyon,  and  are  of  Fernando  and  not  Vaqueros  age. 

Fauna 

The  following  collection  was  made  from  a  fine  grained  sandstone 
interetratified  with  gravels,  near  the  upper  limit  of  the  fine 
grained  beds 

Pelecypoda  Gasteropoda 

• '•  -         Lcity  cf  apical  gyatam 
Cardium  quadrigenarium  Conrad       Bulla,  sp.? 

Cardium,  sp.?  Calyptraea  filosa  Gabb 

Chione  fernandoensis,  new  sp.       Chrysodomus  arnoldi  Rivens 
Leda  taphria  Ball  Fusus  cf .  portolaensis 

Pecten  sp.?  like  pabloensis        Hassa  perpinguis  Kinds 
Solen  sicarius  Gould  Neverita  sp.? 

Polynices  gallianoia  Ball 
Sigaretus  scopulosus  Conrad 
Turitella  cooperi  Cpr. 

This  fauna  is  essentially  of  the  same  age  as  that  collected 
from  Ellsmere  canyon,  although  it  is  from  beds  which  appear  to 
be  about  1^00  feet  stratigraphically  above  the  latter  horizon. 


iq    3J6     ;  • 

ni  e-ao-l.t  MI  *$B 


•sa  bentaisj   enit  a  jcoil 
anil  arit  lo 


da    vlmiaa 


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a«v;  nox^osiioo   -* 
ijsen   , 


abrtlH 


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12 


,-  •>-.-•-.. 

.*    *  V  V4J.1L'  C  i;.  ^   U.VU  t*  «y?.4.   ,,.  w  v  .Vv. 

Echinarachinus  excentricus  Esch.  var.  minor 

new  var. 
PI.  2.  fig.  ?. 


Similar  in  general  to  the  recent  Echi  nar  ac  hinus 
excentricus  from  which  it  differs  as  follows:  —  size  smaller, 
and  test  thinner;  tumid  area  in  center  of  abactinal  surface 
absent,  the  thickness  decreasing  gradually  from  the  center  to 
the  edges  which  are  very  thin;  excentricity  of  apical  system 
varies  from  1:1  to  1:2.4  and  averages  1:2.0,  which  is 
somewhat  greater  than  in  the  living  E.  excentricus.  In  this 
respect  the  present  form  is  somewhat  similar  to  E. 


which,  however,  is  more  excentric,  and  which  has  the  relative 
lengths,  and  the  angles  between  the  petals  different. 

This  variety  resembles  immature  specimens  of  JE.  excen- 
tricus.  Specimens  similar  to  the  present  form  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  California  collection  are  marked  from  Burn's  Ranch 
(Santa  Clara  valley),  and  from  the  Tenth  Street  Well,  San  Diego. 


SI 

.IBT   ,iio«S 


,-  -isniiiDS  Jneoei  erf.t   oJ  -Isiene^   nJt   ifili 


tp   'ia.tn»o  ni  A91&  Jbirnu^t    j 

,t   islrreo  erit  moi't   Y-t-^w^^S  aniasaioafc  asen^ 
cid^ex3   ls3^c[J8»   lo   ^.tioit.tnaox^   ;  nlift  ^isv   STB  rfoi 

ai  ilalrfw    tO.S:I  aer^Btsva   bras  >.S:I   o.t     1:1  - 
,a_jj  9oxe    .3  sniviJ 

,3  o^   XBliaria    ^jaiiwdmoa   ai  fniol   Jneaaiq  eil 


sii,t   a^iri  rfoirCw  fens    ,oi'i^ndox9   etora  ai 
.  J-cteie'i'iib  alJitaq   9ii^   naew^erf  adl"4as   eiiJ- 

.£  1o  an^mlosqa   91     ^.Ttait  aelcfmsae-i 
®rf-t   ni  m-iot   tneaetq  arL.*   o.i   i.Bltoiia   arf 
rtsH  a'nii/S  moil  fa-^^iiia!  ai«  nolJ'Sdllo 
s3    ^IlaW  .tad-x.tg  rf.tn»T   drft  moil  brus    t 


13 
ghione  ellsirierensis  new  sp. 

PI.  1,  fig.  1  and  2. 

>«w  £ 
Shell  large,    outline   rather  rounded;    dental  formula 

L.  010101,    second  cardinal   tooth  "bifid;    shell  ornamented 

"by  concentric   lamellae  which  disappear  on  eroded  specimens; 

ar,    HEX  ••:•**  Bed  linfc  \    anterior 
radial   sculpture   of  flat   ribs  developed  by  weathering; 

escutcheon   a  distinct  flattened  area,    the  radial   sculpture 

absent  from  the   escutcheon,    and  for   a  distance  of  about   ten 

.:;,:;  A!    Ir.    length  to    one   third 

millimeters  below  the   escutcheon;    ligament  deep   seated; 

\:  .    r-lope      t^se  y    arcuat**   fciiell  rrark«d 

lunule  lanceolate,   bounded  by   impressed  line. 

Compared  to  Qhione   securis  this  species  is  longer 

g  iv*  4  1   »  cor  rxig  at.  ed  app*  ar  - 
anteriorly,    the  escutcheon  is  narrower,    and  the   lunule   is 

of  the   same  width  but   twice   as  long.     It  appears  similar  to 

a  specimen  from  the  lower  Miocene   at   Calabasas,   figured  by 

,1       -vw.  ly   i.i  'i   andcr 

Ralph  Arnold  as  £.   temblorensis,    and  which  he   says  is   similar 

to,   or  possibly  identical  with  a  form  found  in  the  upper 

-:*  i  •£  •'#   f'rc-as  c*/L9i*   c.'ji<'-  ?>     fev*   i^/45 

Miocene  . 

'  /v  ,.c    ;  ifi2n*l.lar   ftt  i'uc  tv»$*  ,    fend  broad 

Altitude   75"  mm.;   latitude  95win«,    of  which  two   thirds 


is  posterior  to  the  beak;  diameter  45  mm.;  lunule  length  20 
mm.,  width  12  mm. 


,  q3     Yi'9/T 

.S   bnj*   X 
'1   Is.tneb  ^babnjjoT   i 

Iloua    ;bx*ixcf  ji*oo.t   LfinxbTfiO  bnoos?2    , 
>   7,6oqq^axb  rlaXiiw   eaileiUfil   or 

•     . 


lo  aoftBtaib  is  •iol  bruft    .nadiiotjjoaa  aitt  M  :--U 

qseb   tner=ia3JtI    ;noerfo^JJO»«   eii*  wolscf  a-: 


ri  °*  tod<1B{I-" 

arft   bets    ,i^wot°isn  a*   noerfoJuoaQ  erft    t 

oX   3«   eolwJ    tucf  rf^biw  oimsa 
9neooiM  aeTfoI   en'*  JKOII   a 

t  a  xanoi  QlcfrtTg^  .£.  -n-,    r:>i 
eii.t   aJt  bnuol  imo'l  s   :iJiw   I*oxtne 

.  © 
owj  dloiivv  lo    ,  .mff^     ebu>i*«I    ;.  ab* 

^   o.r   -;o  ai 

SI  :i'  »m 


14 

Chione  f  e xnamio  en  s  i  s ,  new  sp. 
PI.  1,  fig.  4  and  5. 

Shell  small,  sub- triangular,  thick;  lunule  large, 

?,  of  apiie»  &r  upp£   ind 

cordate,  distinct,  bounded  by  an  impressed  line;  anterior 
dorsal  slope  short,  posterior  dorsal  slipe  long  and  only 
very  slightly  convex;  escutcheon  broad  arid  flat  or  slightly 
concave;  ligamental  channel  equal  in  length  to  one  third 
of  posterior  dorsal  slope;  base  roundly  arcuate;  shell  marked 
by  concentric  lamellae  which  become  more  prominent  upon 
erosion  of  specimen,  when  they  give  it  a  corrugated  appear- 
ance; radially  marked  by  numerous  fine  ribs. 

This  species  is  common  from  the  lower  part  of  the 
Fernando  formation.   It  was  probably  included  under  Chione 
jiuccin_ct_a  by  Gabb,  who  lists  the  latter  from  the  Fernando 
Pliocene.   This  species  differs  from  other  chiones  by  its 
small  size,  large  broad  lunule,  lamellar  structure,  and  broad 
escutcheon. 

Altitude  18  mm.;  length  22mm.;  thickness  10.5  mm.; 

lunule  length  6  mm.,  width  4  mm. 

v*  heinfi  l?'.i  and  i?6  sat.   re»- 


qa   vver    ,.3i  \  en<u. 


IlerfS 

j  9ft  il  bdeaaiqmi   as  ycf  fcebfluod"    ttonl^aib   ,1^(8 
bn£  ^nol  eqila   I.saiob   loiia^aoq   t^io*ia   aqol 
TO   ^.Bl't   bius  b*iOia'  noeiia-tuaas    ixd^fioo    ^1^ 
»no    ol  ii?saal   ai   IvB^pd   lannerffj   Ias.tf  1601^31  1    ; 
a   «  d^e; 

^rtsniinoiq  9'iom  sraoosd'  iioirf1*   Ajs.lla.aa3l   oi'i^ 
De.TjQs^^"10^  4*   -ti 

.ao'ii   enlt 

1o   .tieq     197?  ol   edt  iaoil   nontraoo   si    -dei^aqa 
loji)ru;  bebuloni   ^Icfjso'oiq  ajsw   ^1      .  nottfiimo 
9:it  iuoil    -le^tfil    drf.t    a.tsil  "orfw    t(ffffit)    vif 
ati   ^cf  a9noj:rio   -i9d.>o  moil   a'ist'iib  aaio9qa  .atrLT 


.  Civ; 

,01  aaaa^oiA'J-    j  .mm^S   rC^s^®^    J.mm  8l   ebw^.. 

.mm  4"  iiJfelw    ,,tnrn  ^  rftgndl    9 


;er   feuic   gftnerallv    only   c 

Picus  no  di  f e  ru  s  ,    Gabb. 

PI.   1,   fig.    5  and  8* 

Shell  pear  shaped,  with  large  body  whorl;  spire  low, 
body  whorl  forms  two  thirds  width  of  spire;  an  upper  and 
lower  angulation  present,  the  former  the  more  distinct; 
snell  ornamented  with  twelve  very  prominent  nodes  to  each 
whorl,  these  consist  of  two  spiral  rows  of  vertically 
elongated  nodes,  the  upper  row  being  so  spaced  as  to  alter- 
nate with  the  lower;  both  the  lower  and  upper  nodes  are 
elongated  and  have  from  one  to  three  cusps  which  are  formed 
where  the  heavy  spiral  lines  cross  the  raised  area  of  the 
node;  shell  marked  by  twelve  to  fifteen  spiral  lines,  be- 
tween each  of  which  are  three  finer  lines  of  which  the 
middle  one  is  the  wider;  spiral  lines  crossed  by  numerous 
very  fine  longitudinal  lines;  mouth  opening  semi-circular 
to  sub- triangular;  outer  lip  thin;  canal  medium  length, 
recurved. 

This  species  is  quite  close  to  JP.  kernianum,  cooper, 
of  the  Temblor  formation,  from  which  it  differs  as  follows: -- 
larger  size,  the  maximum  lengths  being  120  and  60  mm.,  res- 
pectively; the  spiral  lines  on  !F.  nodiferus  vary  in  width 
and  show  a  tendency  to  be  wavy,  while  those  on  P.  kernianum 


;  siiqa  to 


ovr,t  amiot 


e-tois 


©rfj-    ^noasiq   no  Jit;  =•;  > 


lo  awoi  Ijiitqa    owt  1o    >«jtanoo 
o*      n.te 


o.t   3*3 
aabon   -i 

xioMw  aqauo   seixf.t    o.t  ena 
erfj   to  ji<?i.ri   fad^ijsi   aii.t  aaoio  sarrtl 
-ei    ,aerril   Ijs-iiqa   nda^lit   o.t   a-rldMF 
noirfw  lo  asnil  tenJt'i 

^  bfiaaoio   aenil   laii 
isi;jo'txo-  tinea 

m^ibera   lariBo    iniii^   qil 


on-. 
'O' 
: 

©ff,t   ai   a; 


-cfua   o^ 

,-:&qooo    f;n   -^in^&aC   .5.  o*   osolo   s.tiup   ai   seloeqe 
ajs  aie'llJtb  .ti  /ioixlw  raoil   ,noij-^ixrtot  -ioi 
r  Oc)  bn£   OSI   sniecf  aiiJ-^nel  munsixjam  ed.t    ,^ 

riJbiw   nl   x'I^v   «j£l»Xib£n    .J,  no  asni! 

"       *      n:J 


16 

are  very  uniform;  the  former  has  generally  only  one  point 
to  each  node  on  the  upper  angle,  and  two  on  each  node  of 
the  lower  angle,  while  the  latter  has  two  on  the  upper  and 
two  or  three  on  the  lower;  in  general  the  latter *s  nodes 
are  vertically  longer,  and  the  cusps  are  more  acutely 
pointed  especially  on  the  larger  whorls. 

Some  specimens,  especially  the  earlier  whorls  have  the 

nodes  small  or  nearly  absent,  and  an  oval  outline  replaces 

by  t      -:tt  flat  *£»:?.  rai  line*,  en 

the  normal  angulation  of  the  body  whorl.  These  resemble  F. 
py  r  i  f  o  rmi  s t  Gabb,  very  closely.  As  the  shell  grows  larger 

the  nodes  and  angulation  increase  in  prominence  until  the 

f  tne  total  height  of 

mature  shell  shows  only  slight  resemblance  to  1?.  pyriformis. 
Z*  st anf ordensi s  and  Pi.cue  sp.?  from  the  Lower  Miocene 
of  Contra  Costa  County,  both  represented  only  by  casts, 
appear  similar  to  £.  nodiferus  as  far  as  could  be  told 

'•-£•     -:""  '•    ClCrJSe     '•.  .  -i  ? 

from  casts. 

This   species   is  listed  by  Gabb  as  from  both  Ellsmere 

.££    siuv-r-e,    emti  pr^senc*  of  nod«$  on   angle. 
and  Pico   Canyons. 

Altitude   36  mm.;   width  25mm.;    altitude  of  spire  10mm.; 
mouth  opening  length  32  mm.,   width  15mm.;    largest   specimen 
altitude   120  mm. 


dX 
Jnioq  eno   yXno 

lo  ebon  .  bius 

n*»   laqqjj  arfj  no   ow.t   a^ri 

aebon  a 


-re-oreol   artt    jitrrolimj  ytsv  e*t& 
na   Teqqu  diit   no  sbon  riass 

dt  ellrfw    ,  alerts   lewol  »ii^ 
ni   i'lw^ol   arfJ-  no  s&TriJ-   i 

bne    ,-ie 
tag  i^l   9^  no 

aliortw  19  ills  a   erf*   vlL&tv*q&9   tanemJfcy8qa    6rao8 
'i   eniltwo   I^vo    ris   bnti    ^.fnaacfs    vlijsen   10   11^: 
saeriT      .Iiorfw  vbod   erf,t   'io 
^,   ilaris   aar*   aA      .  xloaolo 
^nxj   sorrsniisoiq  nJt  eaaeioax    fToi 
'2.  oJ'.dofwlc'meaei   j-ii^ila  ^Xno 

brte 
d    (v   nuoO  a. 


t 


> 


IQWOJ  ertcf  oioil   ?.qa 
^cf  xXr      baJ-nasaiqet 

ad" 


ii.tocf'  ^oi"i  as  cfcfeO   y/ 


ai 


ef>»j,!-jL,tIa    j, 


a* 

a, 


^ni 

.(Bffl    0' 


17 

.Gyrineum  ^iSS^^JiSiS  >  new  8P" 
PI.  2,  fig.  1. 

Shell  bucciniform,  spire  high,  apex  broken,  whorls 
two  present;  suture  deeply  impressed,  whorls  rounding  out 
below  suture;  varices  prominent;  two  or  three  low  rounded 
nodes  on  angle  of  whorl  between  each  two  successive  varices; 
shell  cancellated,  marked  by  fourteen  flat  spiral  lines  on 
outer  lip,  and  twenty  on  the  inner  lip  of  body  whorl;  these 
are  crossed  by  numerous  fine  longitudinal  lines;  mouth 
opening  oval  equal  in  height  to  half  the  total  height  of 
restored  shell J  outer  lip  greatly  thickened,  spiral  lines 
showing  on  the  inner  surface  of  lip  ;  inner  lip  thinly  en- 
crusted, and  showing  spiral  lines;  canal  short. 

This  species  appears  to  be  close  to  Ranella  mathewsoni , 
ftabb.  It  differs  from  Gabb's  figure  in  smaller  size,  slightly 
more  deeply  impressed  suture,  and  presence  of  nodes  on  angle. 

Altitude  28  mm.;  width  20  mm.;  thickness  14  mm.;  mouth 
opening  height  1?  mm.,  width  8  mm. 


•  i     «  Vj  .C  t     (  -a     •  •!•  " 

X 


+JJQ  £f 

fcaanucri  v?ol  osirft   10   ow^    j  Jnerutraoiq  aeoi'iBv    JSTJJ" 

svia«eooi/a  -ow*  dojss  nedw^ed"  Xiorfw  lo  9l^nA   no   adi 
'  n9r),ti.,jo'i  ycf  ba^ism   ,  foetal  I  eonao   Iltifa 

ari*   no 

anxt  auoieuuun  ^cf  b  *TS 

srf.t   llurf   oJ"   -M^taif  ni   Ifiupa   IBVO  ;qo 

*id.tuo   ?ll9a^ 
qjtl    'I9nni  ;'.  qiX   to   eojiliua    ior    *    f     ;    . 


t  i/  ^  ^ 

taaia   laXIfiina   nt   a'xwBX'i  a'cfcfjaO  moil  aisTtJtb 
o  asbo.:   'io   soneaeiq   hns    ,eiijti;a   bsaaa" 
;«ittor  -^X  aaansTolrf^-    j.mcr  OS  rftbxw    i.uici  Ss   8bvr 

.mm  .8  rf^bxw    ,.mzn  >X  ^i{^ierf  Bnif< 


18 

C an  c e 1 1 ar i a  e 1 1 sme r e n  s  i  s ,  new  sp. 
PI.  2,  fig.  2. 

Shell  fusiform,  spire  elevated,  whorls  five  to  six, 
slightly  angulated  "below  the  suture;  suture  impressed, 
angulation  absent  on  the  body  whorl;  mouth  opening  narrow 
equal  to  half  the  height  of  shell;  whorls  ornamented  with 
ten  to  twelve  longitudinal  ridges,  on  body  whorl  these 
become  irregular  in  shape,  and  the  angulation  is  absent; 
whorls  show  three  or  four  extremely  faint  radial  lines, 
which  are  absent  in  body  whorl  except  for  small  area  on 
posterior  part  of  columella;  outer  lip  thin,  columella 
encrusted,  smooth  except  for  two  acute  plications  anterior- 
ly; canal  short  straight. 

This  species  is  similar  to  _C.  copper! t  Gabb,  from 
which  it  differs  by  smaller  size,  absence  of  angulation 
on  body  whorl,  and  the  irregular  growth  lines  on  body  whorl. 

Altitude  25  mm.;  width  12mm.;  mouth  opening  length 
equal  to  about  half  total  height  of  shell,  width  5 


51 

.  qa   won    ,•'.: 


txia   o-t   evil  alioiiw   (batovoia  siiqa    tnrxoljtaitf: 

q.fifi   eiJj.tua    ;»-uj.tJjQ    erf.t   woJecf   bejelw^fts  :.Ia 

saifteqo  rftuom   jliorlw   \rborf  aril    no   .tnsacfj*  nol^ 
b  i.trtsnieaio  alioiiw   jilarfB-lo  trigiQui  edt   llarf  ot  I* 


al  noitalusfyi  s.rft   bite    t9qBrfa   nt   i 
J^Jtlxsi    t.iJisl   vlsr^eitxo   tuol   10  ^airit  ^orfa 
no  »»i£   IJLsrna   tot   ^qeoace  Itorf'-*   ^feocf  ni   j-'nearfja 
oo    trcirfj   qil   tetuo    ^llcrj^i  •;  .^    't  ?    .t  i  .  ,  • 
anol^Boilq  otjjoji    ow.t  -rot   tqaoxs  ii.^boma    , 

.  Jrfa  i^  i  vta    1  1  o  i  .  ;  a    I 

,cfcT«T)    ,  Iri9qooo    .3          ijalirnia    at   aoioaqs    ^ 
noxt.fi  liraryi  to  sonsacf*    fasi-3   isIlBma   yrf  ais'l'tib 
vbocf  no  aerril  if.twoiji  i^Iu^eiii  sd^   bne    ,.£iorfw   •»/ 

eqo          o*it   ;.m.T&I  d.tbi:?/    j.rran  '^S  ebt/.ti^XA 
.nan  ?   rf,tblw    tJl9rfa    lo    jM^iarf   Ijsto^    llr.rf 


19 

Cane  ell  aria  tri t  o  jiidag.  i  Gabb,  var. 
~  an^uljilfajiew  var, 
PT.  1,  fig.  3. 

Size  medium,  spire  elevated,  apex  absent,  three 
whorls  presentl  whorls  angulated  below  suture;  ornamented 
by  twleve  transverse  ribs  on  each  whsrl,  the  ribs  forming 
nodes  along  the  shoulder;  lower  part  of  the  body  whorl 
concave  outwardly  in  outline,  and  the  vertical  ridges 
are  absent  from  this  part;  shell  spirally  ornamented 
by  alternating  coarse  and  fine  lines;  outer  lip  smooth, 
inner  lip  encrusted;  canal  short  and  straight. 

This  variety  differs  from  £.  tritpnidae  in  smaller 
prominence  of  the  vertical  ridges,  and  greater  angulation. 
In  the  angulation  this  variety  resembles  the  earlier 
whorls  of  £.  t r itpni dae . 

Altitude  20  mm.;  width  17  mm.;  height  of  mouth 
opening  equal  to  half  total  height  of  shell. 


' 


.      .  i"* 

(detovala   atlqa    ( 
ba.taaffl»mo-  ie-iu.tua    aoled  bs^Blw^rtfi   alion'w 

acfii   ari^    ,1'i^jiw  iia«e  no  acfii   esisvansid-   e 
'lo  t3J3q  t97;oi    iiebltrorfa  arf*  fefrolj 
^   bns    ,afrll^wo   ni   vibij3wr-,.o   s 

Haifa    jd^usq  air!*  moil   1- 
,ii.fooiaa   qii   'xatwo    ;aenll  anit   bnjB   eaiaco  r.ni 

fioxia   l^cso    jbs^ainona  qii   ie 
.  »2  fl«**t  aiettJtb  ^.teli^v  a/ 
b;T.     ta?^bii   li30Jt^^av  i>'.i.t    10  eona. 
-.tei-rBv  airft  noi.t^I;;^ 

•  &jBb  t_no.t  tj^t    .P, 
I  d^ftiw-  j.msf  OS   ebu.M 
*io   Mgterf  IJJ^G^    ll^.f   o-    i./i 


20 

Tur r i s  e  11  siner  en  si  s ,   new  sp. 

PI.    2  Pig.   3   and  4. 

Shell  email,  fusiform,  spire  high,  apex  unknown,  whorle 
four  to  five  present;  angulated  near  suture,  shoulder  concave, 
whorls  slightly  convex  below  angle,  body  whorl  evenly  convex; 
longitudinal  sculpture  eleven  to  twelve  prominent  rounded 
ridges  which  slope  slightly  to  the  left,  and  are  most  prominent 
on  upper  part  of  whorl  near  angle,  but  are  not  present  on  the 
shoulder;  shell  spirally  marked  by  two  to  three  lines  above  and 
seven  to  eight  lines  below  angle;  body  whorl  and  columella 
ornamented  by  twenty  five  spiral  lines  which  are  sometimes  sub- 
equal  and  alternating;  aperture  narrow,  outer  lip  thin  and 
smooth,  prominently  reflected;  posterior  sinus  deep  along 
suture,  anterior  edge  of  the  sinus  parallel  to  the  line  of 
angulation;  canal  short  curved  slightly  backwards  from  the 
aperture;  columella  smooth. 

This  species  is  close  to  Turris  coalingensis,  from  which 
it  differs  by  having  spiral  lines  infer  and  more  numerous,  and 
no  difference  in  coarseness  of  sculpture  on  body  whorl  and  on 
columella.   It  differs  from  Mangilia  tabulatus  as  figured  by 
Arnold  from  Bath-House  Beach,  Santa  Barbara,  by  finer  spiral 

""••'••••••"••••""••"••••  —  —  •••««••»••••••••••••••••••.•••••«••••••.••«•.••••  .•   «   .»  -,  «  _..«...   ..   ,m  mt  «   «  —  _   «.  «   . 

Arnold,  Ralph.  U.S. Hat.  Mus.  Paper  l?8l,  pi.  57,  fig.  4. 

*••""•"•••••••••••••••-•••«•••••••••«••••••«••••••••••••««••••••••••••««•«•«.««•».•.•.•..  «.-•«.-»•»••«•....  _ ..  _  _ 

ribbing  and  shorter  canal. 

Altitude  29mm.;  width  llmm.;  mouth  opening  height  17  mm., 
width  5mm.;  posterior  canal  width  2  mm.,  depth  3  mm. 


tevBonoo   seoluarfa    tfnewtya  lean 
jxerrroo   vlnsva  Storiw  ..y^orf   t 

fr»:Tiflioiq  etrJawt   o.t   it 
SIB   bns    ,Jl9l  eft*  -ot 
erf.t  no  .tnaa»iq  Jon 

erorfs   aenil   ©aint   od1   ovyj-   ^ 
»il9csuloo  bn£  liorfw  ^bocf   j 
cfi/a   aeraiJ'aaioa   ais  liDJtrfw  aonil 
niiii   qll   tetuo    twotusrf 
qseb  «i/?ria  'tolietyo 
enil  ed.t   oJ-   leliaittq  atinxs   acft 
moil 


r3a    IleriB 
jJfieaa-iq  evil   o- 
xavnoo   ^It 

I  rtol 

eqola  rfohiw  ae^bii 
w  'io 

Ilari  orfs 

genii   t 
evil   \-*rt>w: 

DOS 


,  . 


:IB 


rfoirfw 


fcl& 


no   bn£   Iionw  vbod"  no 
3JB     ^ 
ycf 


« 

yd"  ib 

*lo  aaenQai^oo   ni 
BM  moil  aisl'tib   .*!      .*  • 


iJ-njsS    ,iio£88 


-iit^fi  £oniA 


S  ri-tbiw 


21 

Turris  f  ernando  en  si  s  ,  new  sp. 
PI.  2,  fig.  6. 

Shell  small  fusiform,  spire  high,  equal  in  height 
to  the  mouth  opening;  whorls  five,  roundly  angulated, 
suture  following  line  of  angulation  of  preceding  whorl; 
posterior  canal  on  upper  slope  of  body  whorl,  prominent, 
wide,  triangular  with  angle  of  135°  between  sides;  lower 
part  of  body  whorl  and  canal  ornamented  by  faint  spiral 
lines  which  may  have  been  worn  off  of  rest  of  whorl; 
mouth  opening  narrow;  outer  lip  broken;  columella  simple; 
canal  medium  length,  straight. 

This  species  is  similar  in  shape  and  si^e  to  Astyris 
ricnthof eni ,  but  is  longer  anteriorly,  and  is  distinguish- 
able by  the  presence  of  anterior  sinus. 

Altitude  21  mm.;  width  9  mm.;  mouth  opening  height 
11.5  mm.,  width  3«5 


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22 

Explanation  of  Plate   1. 
All  figures  natural   size. 
Pig.   1.    Chi one  ellsmerensi  s ,    n.    sp . 
Pig.   2.    Same   as  fig.   1.,    showing  hinge. 

Pig.   3.  Cancel! aria  t r i t onidae t    Gabb,   var.    angulata,    new  var. 
^ig»   4«  fflione  f  e  r n  ando  en  s  i  s ,   n.    sp.   anterior  view. 
Pig.    5.    Same   as  fig.   4,   view  of  left  valve. 


Explanation  of  Plate  2. 
All  figures  natural  size. 
Pig.   1.   Gyrineuia  ellsmerensis^   n,    sp. 
Pig.   2.   Cancellaria  _el  leaner  en  si  s ,    n.    sp. 
Pig.    3«   Turris  el lamer en sis,    n.    sp. 
FiS»   4«   Tu  r  r i  s  e 1 1 sme r  e  n  si  s ,    n.    sp.    side  view. 
Pig.    5«   PAC^.S  no di f erus ,    Ga"bb. 
Pig.   6.   Turris  f e  rn  ando  en  s  i  s ,   n.    sp. 
Pig.   7-  Belli  n  ar  achi  nu  s  exc  en  t  r  i  cu  s ,   Esch.  var.  minor,  ri.  var. 

Pig.   8.   Pious  no  di  f  e  ru  s  t    Gabb.   larger   specimen   showing  the 

more  prominent  nodes  and  angulation. 
Pig.   9»  A^^J^LSi8.  f ernando ensjls ,   Pack. 


N-CIRCULATING  BOOK 


420747 


DIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


